Domain Name System

28 Jan

Introduction to DNS

The Domain Name System (DNS) is essentially the internet's phonebook. It translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses, like 172.217.160.142. This translation allows computers to communicate with each other over the internet.

Key functions of DNS:

Name resolution: Translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling users to access websites using memorable names instead of complex numerical addresses.
Hierarchical structure: Organizes domain names into a hierarchical tree structure, facilitating efficient name resolution.
Caching: Stores previously resolved name-to-IP address mappings, improving performance and reducing network traffic.
Zone management: Allows administrators to manage and configure zones, which are portions of the DNS namespace corresponding to specific domains.
Security: Supports security features like DNSSEC for authentication and data integrity, and DNS filtering to block malicious domains.

Benefits of DNS:

Easy to Remember: Domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses.
Centralized Management: Changes to IP addresses don't affect users.
Load Balancing: Distributes traffic across multiple servers.
Security: DNSSEC provides security and authentication.

Working mechanism of DNS:

User Enters a Domain Name: When you type a website address into your web browser, your computer sends a query to a DNS resolver.

DNS Resolver: This is typically managed by your internet service provider (ISP). The resolver acts as an intermediary, searching for the IP address associated with the domain name.

Root Name Server: The resolver first contacts a root name server. Root servers provide a top-level view of the DNS hierarchy, pointing the resolver towards the appropriate top-level domain (TLD) server.

TLD Name Server: The TLD server (eg, .com, .org, .net) directs the resolver to the authoritative name server for the specific domain.

Authoritative Name Server: This server holds the definitive record for the domain and provides the IP address to the resolver.

IP Address Returned: The resolver then returns the IP address to your computer.

Website Access: Your computer can now connect to the website using the IP address.

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